related undertaking

in relation to an undertaking ("U"):

1. (a) any subsidiary undertaking of U; or
1. (b) any undertaking in which U or any of U's subsidiary undertakings holds a participation; or
1. (c) any undertaking linked to U by a consolidation Article 12(1) relationship; or
1. (d) any undertaking linked by a consolidation Article 12(1) relationship to an undertaking in (a), (b) or (c).